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Guide

Franchise vs licence vs business opportunity

These terms get used loosely, but the distinction matters: it decides whether you get the Franchising Code's disclosure and cooling-off protections.

EH

Eliza Harding

Senior Content Analyst · B.Bus (Accounting), 9 years in franchise research

Legally reviewed by James Whitmore. Last updated 24 August 2026 · 7 min read.

What is the difference between a franchise and a licence?

A franchise is a business relationship where you operate under the franchisor's system and brand, pay fees, and are subject to the franchisor's control, and it is governed by the Franchising Code of Conduct, which gives you disclosure, a 14-day cooling-off period and other protections. A licence is usually narrower, the right to use something (a brand, product or process) without the same system control, and may not attract the Code. A business opportunity is a looser term for a packaged way to start earning, which may or may not be a franchise. What matters is the substance: if an arrangement meets the legal definition of a franchise, the Code applies regardless of what it is called.

Why the label matters

Some operators market a franchise-like deal as a licence or business opportunity to sidestep the Code's obligations. But the Code looks at substance, not the name. If the arrangement has the hallmarks of a franchise, a grant to carry on business under a system substantially determined by the franchisor, associated with a brand, with a fee, the Code protections generally apply.

If someone selling you a business opportunity or licence is reluctant to give a disclosure document, treat that as a warning and get legal advice on whether the Code should apply.

Quick comparison

  • Franchise: system + brand + fees + franchisor control; Franchising Code applies (disclosure, cooling-off, good faith).
  • Licence: right to use a brand/product/process, often without full system control; Code may not apply.
  • Business opportunity: a marketed way to start earning; may be a franchise in substance, check carefully.
  • Distributorship / agency: supplying or selling another's goods; usually not a franchise, but depends on the terms.

What to do before you sign

Whatever the arrangement is called, ask a franchise lawyer whether the Franchising Code applies. If it does, you are entitled to a disclosure document at least 14 days before signing and a cooling-off period, protections worth having. If it does not, you have fewer safeguards, so your own due diligence matters even more.

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Frequently asked questions

Does the Franchising Code apply to a licence?

Not automatically. It depends on the substance of the arrangement. If a so-called licence has the hallmarks of a franchise, system control, brand association and a fee, the Code can still apply. Get legal advice.

Is a business opportunity the same as a franchise?

Not necessarily. 'Business opportunity' is a loose marketing term. Some are franchises in substance (and attract the Code), others are not. Check whether a disclosure document is provided and take advice.

Why would a seller call a franchise a licence?

Sometimes to avoid the Code's disclosure and cooling-off obligations. Because the Code looks at substance, this does not necessarily work, but it is a red flag worth investigating with a lawyer.

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